Peptides AcademyTrial Summaries
Summaries of peptide clinical trials and major study readouts.
Our clinical evidence summaries distil peer-reviewed peptide research into actionable insights. Each report analyses study design, endpoints, and outcomes so you can evaluate the strength of evidence behind specific peptide applications — from wound healing and tissue regeneration to anti-aging and skin rejuvenation.
STEP-3 Trial Summary: Semaglutide with Intensive Behavioral Therapy
The STEP-3 trial (Wadden et al., 2021) evaluated semaglutide 2.4 mg combined with intensive behavioral therapy and an initial low-calorie diet in 611 adults with overweight or obesity, achieving approximately 16% mean body weight reduction over 68 weeks.
SURPASS-2 Trial Summary: Tirzepatide vs Semaglutide in T2DM
The SURPASS-2 trial (Frias et al., 2021) was the first head-to-head comparison of tirzepatide versus semaglutide 1 mg in adults with type 2 diabetes, demonstrating superior HbA1c reduction and weight loss across all three tirzepatide doses over 40 weeks.
SUSTAIN-6 Trial Summary: Semaglutide Cardiovascular Outcomes
The SUSTAIN-6 trial (Marso et al., 2016) evaluated cardiovascular safety and outcomes of once-weekly semaglutide in 3,297 patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk, demonstrating a 26% reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events over a median follow-up of 2.1 years.
Phase 2 Retatrutide Trial Summary: Triple-Agonist Weight Loss
The phase 2 retatrutide trial (Jastreboff et al., 2023) evaluated this first-in-class triple GIP/GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonist in 338 adults with obesity, achieving up to 24.2% mean weight loss with the 12 mg dose over 48 weeks — the largest weight reduction reported for any anti-obesity medication.
FLOW Trial: Tirzepatide in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Tirzepatide significantly improved heart failure symptoms, physical limitations, and exercise capacity in patients with HFpEF and obesity — the first GLP-1/GIP dual agonist trial in this population.
OASIS-1 Trial: Oral Semaglutide 50 mg for Obesity
The OASIS-1 trial demonstrated that oral semaglutide 50 mg achieved 15.1% weight loss versus 2.4% with placebo over 68 weeks — approaching the efficacy of injectable semaglutide 2.4 mg.
SELECT Trial Summary: Semaglutide for Cardiovascular Outcomes
The SELECT trial (Lincoff et al., 2023) demonstrated a 20% reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events with semaglutide 2.4 mg in overweight/obese adults without diabetes.
SURMOUNT-5 Trial Summary: Tirzepatide vs Semaglutide Head-to-Head
SURMOUNT-5 (2024) provided the first head-to-head comparison of tirzepatide vs semaglutide for weight loss — tirzepatide produced ~20% vs ~14% weight reduction at maximum doses over 72 weeks.
SURMOUNT Trial Program — Tirzepatide for Obesity
The SURMOUNT trials established tirzepatide as the most effective GLP-1-based weight loss agent, with up to 22.5% body weight reduction — redefining expectations for pharmacological obesity treatment.
STEP-1 Trial Summary: Semaglutide for Obesity
The STEP-1 trial (Wilding et al., 2021) demonstrated ~15% mean body-weight reduction with once-weekly 2.4 mg semaglutide over 68 weeks — reshaping obesity medicine.